Poetic Form of Quatrain
By Manouchehr Saadat Noury
Quatrain (in Persian: Rubaa-ey or Roba'i) is one of the most popular forms of poetry, and according to some scholars it is one of the oldest one. In the Art of Poetry, a quatrain is a poem or a stanza within a poem that consists of four lines, in which the lines 2 and 4 must rhyme. Lines 1 and 3 may or may not rhyme. Quatrain usually follows an abab, abba, abcb, aabb, or aaba rhyme scheme. The quatrains composed by famous Iranian poet, Omar Khayyam (1048-1131), follow mostly the aaba rhyme scheme. Khayyam’s quatrains are also known as Rubaa-ey-Yaat. According to Edward Granville Browne (1862-1926), quatrain was one of the Poetic Forms that firstly originated in Iran.
There are at least 7 different forms of quatrains: Introverted Quatrain, Short Meter, Rubaa-ey, Heroic Stanza, Pantoum, Venus and Adonis Stanza, and Kyrielle. The significances of quatrain are: 1. Among many poetic forms, quatrain can be easily memorized due to the fact that it is composed only by four lines. 2. It is so intimately concerned with feelings. 3. Quatrain is like a short story by which a poet can easily express himself.
Here is the Persian version of the five fragments of poem entitled as Four Romantic Quatrains and One Branch of Flower composed by MSN*: ! ﻞﮔ ﻪﺨ ﺎﺸ ﮏﻴ ﻮ ﻪﻧ ﺎﻗﺸ ﺎﻋ ﻰﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺮ ﺭ ﺎﻬﭽ
ﺖﺼﺮﻓ
ﺖﺳﻫ ﺭ ﺍ ﺭﻗ ﺍ ‘ ﻕﺷﻋ ﺭ ﺎﮐ ﻯ ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﮔ
ﺖﺳﻫﺭ ﺍ ﺭﺻﺍ ‘ﻕﺷﻋﺭ ﺍ ﺭﻗ ﺍ ﺭ ﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻴ
ﺯ ﺎﺴ ‘ ﺭ ﺍ ﺪﻴ ﺪ : ﻥ ﺎﺠ ﻞ ﺎﻤ ﺁ ﺩﺼﻗﻣ
…ﺖﺳﻫ ﺭ ﺍ ﺪﻴ ﺪ ﺖﺼﺮﻓ ‘ ﺍ ﺭ ﺎﻤ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺗ
ﻪﻈﺤﻠ ﻦ ﺁ
ﺩﻴ ﺁ ﺮ ﺍ ﺩﻴ ﺪ ﻪﺒ ﻩ ﺪ ﺍ ﺩﻟ ﺪ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻈﺤﻠ ﻦ ﺁ ﻢ ﱡﺮﺧ
ﺩﻴ ﺎﻣﺭﻓ ﺐﻠﻂ ﻪﺴ ﻭﺒ ‘ ﺐﻠ ﻯ ﻪﭽﻧﻏﺭﺴ ﺯ ﻮ
ﺩﻴ ﺎﺴ ﺁ ‘ﻕﺸﻋ ﺭﺘﺴﺒ ﺯ ﺍ ﻰﺗ ﻮﻠﺨ ﻯ ﻪﺷ ﻮﮔ
ﺩﻴ ﺍ ﺭ ﺁ ‘ﻞﮔ ﻮﭽ ‘ ﻞﺼ ﻮ ﺐﻬﺘﻠﻣ ﻥﻣ ﺍ ﺪ
ﺭﻫﻭﮔ ﻦﻴﺭﺗﻬﺒ
ﺕﺴ ﺍﺭﺘ ‘ﺭﻫﻭﮔ ﻦﻴ ﺭﺗﻬﺒ ‘ ﺎﻧﻳﻧ ﺯ ﺎﻧ
ﺕﺴ ﺍﺭﺘ ‘ﺭﻆﻧﻤ ﺵ ﻮﺧ ﺭﻬﭽ ﻭ ﻚ ﺎﭙ ﺖ ﺍ ﺫ
" ﺥﺮ " ﺯ ‘ﻮ " ﺎﻧﻌﻤ " ﺯ ‘ﻰﺌ ﺎﻫ ﻦ ﮊ ﻪﺗﺷﺭ
! ﺕﺴ ﺍﺭﺘ ‘ﺮﺗﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺯ ﻭ ﺮﻳﻔ ﻮﭽﻣﻫ
ﻥ ﻮ ﺭ ﺪ
“ﻯﺮ ﻮ ﺩ ” ﻭ “ﻪﻠﺻ ﺎﻔ ” ﻭ “ﻥ ﻭ ﺭﺑ ” ﺯ ﺍ ﻡ ﺍ ﮓﻧﺗﻟ ﺪ
ﺵﻳ ﻮﺨ ﻥ ﻭ ﺭ ﺩ ‘ ﻕﺸﻋﺯ ‘ﺭﺑ ﻪﺒ ﻢ ﺍ ﻦ ﺎﺠ
ﺯ ﺎﺴ ﺎﻔ ﻭﮑﺸ ‘ ﻪﺘﻔﺨ ﺏ ﺎﻬﺗﻟ ﺍ ﻦ ﺁ
! ﺵﻳ ﻮﺨ ﻥ ﻭﺴﻔ ﺯ ‘ ﺍ ﺭﻣ ‘ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻮ ﺩ ﺎﺠ
ﻯﺮ ﻮﺴ ﻞﮔ
ﻡ ﺍﺮ ﺪﭙ ‘ ﻞﮔ ﻍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ‘ﻥ ﺎﻣﭽ ﻮ ﺯﻴﺧ ﺭﺑ
ﺕﺳ ﻯﺮ ﻮﺸ ﻮ ﺕﻬﮑﻧ ﻮ ﻄ ﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﭽ ﺭﮕﻧﺑ
ﻡ ﺎﻬﻠ ﺍ ﻯ ﻪﺼ ﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ‘ﺮﻔﺴ ﺪﻧﺒ ﺭﺑ
...ﺕﺳ ﻯﺮ ﻮﺴ ﻞﮔ ﺯ ﺍ ﻪﻧ ﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ‘ ﺎﺠﻧ ﺁ
ﻯﺮ ﻮﻧ ﺖ ﺩ ﺎﻌﺴ ﺭﻬﭼﻮﻧﻣﺭﺗﮐ ﺩ
ﺕﺸﻬﺑﻳ ﺪ ﺭ ﺍ
۱۳۸۵
ﻝ ﺍ ﺮﺘﻧ ﻮﻣ
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